Conceptual coherence but methodological mayhem: A systematic review of absolute pitch phenotyping.

Despite extensive research on absolute pitch (AP), there remains no gold-standard task to measure its presence or extent. This systematic review investigated the methods of pitch-naming tasks for the classification of individuals with AP and examined how our understanding of the AP phenotype is affected by variability in the tasks used to measure it. Data extracted from 160 studies (N = 23,221 participants) included (i) the definition of AP, (ii) task characteristics, (iii) scoring method, and (iv) participant scores.

Clinical Swallow Examination Following Laryngectomy: An International e-Delphi Consensus Process.

Clinical swallow examination (CSE) following laryngectomy (± pharyngeal resection) remains a critical step in dysphagia evaluation. Whilst the core components of a standard CSE service a broad spectrum of patient populations, no evidence exists examining the essential assessment items specific to CSE in the laryngectomy population. The aim of this study was to identify the tasks, measures and observations considered necessary to include in a CSE post laryngectomy.

Contrast-enhanced US of High-Risk Indeterminate Focal Liver Observations Categorized as LR-4 or LR-M at CT/MRI.

Background Indeterminate focal liver observations in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may require invasive biopsy or follow-up, which could lead to delays in definitive categorization and to postponement of treatment. Purpose To examine clinical effect of contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) in participants with high-risk indeterminate liver observations categorized as Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) category LR-4 (probably HCC) or LI-RADS category LR-M (probably or definitely malignant but not HCC specific) at CT or MRI. Materials and Methods This was a secondary analysis of a prospective international multicenter validation study for CEUS LI-RADS (January 2018 to August 2021).

Spin Chains with Highly Quantum Character through Strong Covalency in CaCrN.

The insulating transition metal nitride CaCrN consists of sheets of triangular [CrN] units with symmetry that are connected via quasi-1D zigzag chains. Due to strong covalency between Cr and N, Cr ions are unusually low-spin, and = 1/2. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal dominant quasi-1D spin correlations with very large nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic exchange = 340 K and yet no sign of magnetic order down to = 0.

Irregular sleep/wake patterns in student-athletes exposed to early morning training.

This study aimed to examine the sleep parameters and sleep/wake regularity of a cohort of student-athletes who start training between 06:30 and 07:00. Twenty-one male Rugby Union players, aged 21 ± 2 years and competing at a national level, were assessed using actigraphy over two weeks, and the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ). Sleep/wake regularity was calculated using the Sleep Regularity Index (SRI).