Crown-Ether Coordination Compounds of Europium and 24-Crown-8.

Crown-ether coordination compounds of europium(II/III) and the crown ether (CHO) (24-crown-8, 24c8) are prepared, aiming at novel compounds, structures, and coordination modes as well as potential luminescence properties. By reacting EuCl, EuI, or EuCl with 24c8 or its derivatives in ionic liquids, the novel compounds [BuMeN][Eu(II)(NTf)] (), [BMIm][EuI] (), [EuCl(dibenzo-18c6)] (), [EuI(dibenzo-24c8)] (), [(Eu(III)Cl)(CHO)](24c8) (), and [Eu(III)Cl(24c8)]I () are obtained (BMIm: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium; EMIm: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium). Based on different reaction conditions, different coordinative modes including the absence of the crown ether in the product (, ), splitting of the crown ether (), and coordination of 24c8 via six of eight oxygen atoms () and, finally, via all oxygen atoms () are observed.

Avoiding N-nitrosodimethylamine formation in metformin pharmaceuticals by limiting dimethylamine and nitrite.

Since late 2019, concerns regarding trace levels of the probable human carcinogen N-dimethylnitrosamine (NDMA) in Metformin-containing pharmaceuticals have been an issue if they exceeded the maximum allowable intake of 96 ng/day for a medicine with long-term intake. Here, we report results from an extensive analysis of NDMA content along the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) manufacturing process as well as two different drug product manufacturing processes. Our findings confirm that Metformin API is not a significant source of NDMA found in Metformin pharmaceuticals and that NDMA is created at those steps of the drug product manufacturing that introduce heat and nitrite.

CD28 Superagonist D665-mediated activation of mouse regulatory T cells maintains their phenotype without loss of suppressive quality.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain immune homeostasis by regulating the activation of other immune cells. Preclinical studies show that the infusion of Tregs can promote immunological tolerance to allografts and prevent or cure multiple autoimmune diseases. However, Treg therapy is limited by high numbers of cells required to induce tolerance.

NDMA analytics in metformin products: Comparison of methods and pitfalls.

Background: For nearly three years, the concerns regarding trace levels of N-nitrosamines in pharmaceuticals and the associated cancer risk have significantly expanded and are a major issue facing the global pharmaceutical industry. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) found in formulations of the popular anti-diabetic drug metformin is a prominent example. This has resulted in product recalls raising the profile within the media.

Luna stain: a simple and cost-effective diagnostic tool helps in detecting eosinophilic granules deposition of flame figures and aids in diagnosing eosinophilic cellulitis "Wells Syndrome".

We report a rare case of Wells syndrome in which a 61-year-old Caucasian male presented with three distinct skin lesions including a cutaneous bulla, an erythematous plaque, and a linear streak located on the patient's left anterior thigh, left dorsal wrist, and left anterior forearm, respectively. Histologic examination revealed diffuse and interstitial eosinophilic infiltrate admixed with lymphocytes and macrophages that predominantly involve the dermis. Nodular aggregates of eosinophils surrounding dermal collagen fibers suggestive of 'flame figures' were identified.