Health risk assessment of heavy metals in some vegetables-Erbil City-Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Heavy metals can have significant impacts on human health due to their toxicity and potential to accumulate in the body over time. Some heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic, are particularly harmful even at low concentrations. The estimation of hazards of vegetable intake to human health as well as explore the of heavy metals accumulation in different vegetables (cucumbers, tomato, eggplant, and bell peppers) collected in Erbil city from different source locally and imported from nearby country are conducted.

Profiling of seasonal variation in and cancer risk assessment of benzo(a)pyrene and heavy metals in drinking water from Kirkuk city, Iraq.

Water samples at 13 sites were analyzed to evaluate heavy metals (cobalt, lead, manganese, copper) and benzo(a)pyrene using 2 methods of analysis (high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits). The Lesser Zap River is the main tributary of the Tigris and is used as a main source of drinking water in Kirkuk city through the General Kirkuk project. Risk evaluation for benzo(a)pyrene and lead in water samples was accomplished by Monte Carlo simulation.

Thinking inside the box: the tele-intensive care unit as a new clinical site.

The tele-intensive care unit (ICU) offers students an opportunity to observe the decision-making process of nurses working in consultative teams in a high-acuity environment, providing a unique opportunity for novices to "see" into the thinking and the communication of expert nurses. Students are often overwhelmed by the physical environment of an ICU--specifically, its noise, technology, and pace--and often are relegated to the sidelines when a patient becomes unstable. Clinical education in the tele-ICU allows students to participate safely in the care of complex, unstable patients.

Voices of family members and significant others in the tele-intensive care unit.

Background: Research suggests that tele-intensive care units (tele-ICUs) are associated with decreases in mortality rates, length of stay, and health care costs. However, little is known about the awareness and perceptions of the tele-ICU among patients' significant others.

Objectives: To assess whether patients' significant others were informed about the tele-ICU, what their preferences are regarding source and type of information about the tele-ICU, and what their perceptions are of the impact of the tele-ICU on patient care.