Performance Evaluation of Biochip Chemiluminescent Immunoassay for Screening Seven Mycotoxins in Wheat Flour Simultaneously.

Background: Wheat grains are susceptible to mycotoxins, toxic natural secondary metabolites generated by certain fungi on agricultural produce in the field during growth, harvest, transportation, or storage. Therefore, wheat flour can be contaminated with mycotoxins, which seriously threaten human health.

Methods: A rapid method for screening seven mycotoxins in wheat flour was validated in accordance with Commission Decision 2002/657/EC.

Herbicides and pesticides synergistically interact at low concentrations in complex mixtures.

Assessing a complex mixture of pesticides at the impacted sites has been challenging for risk assessors for 50 years. The default assumption is that at low concentrations, pesticides interact additively with one another; thus, the risk posed by each component of a complex mixture could be simply added up. The EPA interaction-based hazard index (HI) modifies this assumption using a binary weight-of-evidence (BINWOE).

Simultaneous Screening of Six Families of Antibiotic Residues in Milk Samples by Biochip Multi-array Technology.

Background: Antimicrobial compounds are used in animal husbandry to prevent and treat bacterial diseases and as illegal growth-promoting agents. Due to the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics, the antibiotic residues in milk can cause allergic reactions and antibiotic resistance. A rapid biochip-based method for the multi-analyte screening of 6 families of antibiotic residues (quinolones, ceftiofur, florfenicol, streptomycin, tylosin, and tetracyclines) in milk was validated based on Commission Decision 2002/657 and the European guidance for screening methods for veterinary medicinal products.

Simultaneous Screening of Nitrofuran Metabolites in Honey Using Biochip Array Technology: Validation Study According to the Decision 2002/657/EC of the European Union.

Background: Although no authorization is available for antibiotics to treat bee diseases, some veterinary compounds are used by beekeepers, and each country sets its own thresholds. Inappropriate and excessive use of these drugs can cause allergic reactions and antibiotic resistance in humans who consume the remaining antibiotic residues in honey and its products. It is, therefore, relevant to monitor the presence of antibiotic residues in this matrix.