A genome-wide scan of non-coding RNAs and enhancers for refractive error and myopia.

Refractive error (RE) and myopia are complex polygenic conditions with the majority of genome-wide associated genetic variants in non-exonic regions. Given this, and the onset during childhood, gene-regulation is expected to play an important role in its pathogenesis. This prompted us to explore beyond traditional gene finding approaches.

Computational analysis of a microRNA signature for poor prognosis suggests a microRNA-controlled stemness pathway in paediatric acute leukaemia.

Esperanza-Cebollada E., et al. found a group of 24 microRNAs, to be differentially expressed between two groups of paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cases with distinct outcomes.

Dysregulation of Small Nucleolar RNAs in B-Cell Malignancies.

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are responsible for post-transcriptional modification of ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs and small nuclear RNAs, and thereby have important regulatory functions in mRNA splicing and protein translation. Several studies have shown that snoRNAs are dysregulated in human cancer and may play a role in cancer initiation and progression. In this review, we focus on the role of snoRNAs in normal and malignant B-cell development.

, an Emerging Gate-Keeper in Various Types of Cancer.

Mounting data show that is commonly silenced in solid cancer and hematological malignancies. acts as a critical tumor suppressor by tuning the cellular response to different types of stress, including DNA damage, and by repressing oncogenic signaling pathways. Recently, novel insights into the mechanism of silencing in tumor cells have been described.

MicroRNA-139 Expression Is Dispensable for the Generation of Influenza-Specific CD8 T Cell Responses.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are small, endogenous noncoding RNAs that are important post-transcriptional regulators with clear roles in the development of the immune system and immune responses. Using miRNA microarray profiling, we characterized the expression profile of naive and in vivo generated murine effector antiviral CD8 T cells. We observed that out of 362 measurable mature miRNAs, 120 were differentially expressed by at least 2-fold in influenza-specific effector CD8 CTLs compared with naive CD8 T cells.