How do trematode clones differ by fitness-related traits and interact within a host?

Polyclonal infections are widespread and provide evidence of facilitation, competition, and neutral interactions between parasite clones, even within the same host-parasite system. The outcome of coinfections is usually assessed by means of parasite infection intensities, while other important fitness-related traits, e.g.

: Updates on egg morphology, host range, and distribution.

During a survey for helminths in reindeer () across the Palearctic region, eggs were found in zoo reindeer feces. These were identified as eggs of based on their morphology, morphometrics, location, and analysis of their partial sequence of ITS rDNA region. Some of the eggs had an appendage, previously unreported.

Molecular Characterization of Echinococcus canadensis (Cestoda, Taeniidae) in Wolf from the Kirov Region.

This work presents the results of studying the molecular characteristics of parasitic tapeworms Echinococcus canadensis. The helminths were discovered during the autopsy of a wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) killed by hunters in the Kirov oblast in 2021. A molecular phylogenetic study was performed by analyzing the sequence of a fragment of the first subunit of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase gene (CoxI).

Heth longquani sp. n.(Rhigonematomorpha: Hethidae)obligate commensalistic nematode of camballoid millipede (Spirostreptida: Cambalopsidae) from Viet Nam.

A new nematode species, Heth longquani sp. n. (Hethidae, Ransonematoidea, Rhigonematomorpha, Rhabditida) is described from the camballoid millipede, Chonecambala crassicauda from Thanh Ha province, Viet Nam.

Synopsis of gastropod-associated nematodes of Ciscaucasia (Russian Federation) with the description of a new species of Dougherty, 1953 (syn. Andrássy, 1976).

Caucasus is known as one of the few biodiversity hotspots in Europe and is characterised by rich gastropod fauna while the nematode fauna in association with gastropods has remained largely understudied. Surveys conducted in 2019 and 2021 in the North Caucasus of the Russian Federation (Stavropol Upland and western and central parts of Krasnodar Krai) has revealed the presence of three new species of , a facultative parasite of land gastropods, and two species of obligate parasites, the intestinal parasite and a new, still undescribed species of a larval ectoparasite sp. The new associations of sp.