Modelling of long-wave mid-infrared ultrashort pulse generation via difference frequency generation.

In this paper, a model of generating mid-infrared (MIR) ultrashort laser pulse through difference frequency generation (DFG) is established. The pulse evolution relationship among the pump, signal, and idler pulses during the DFG process, as well as the effects of crystal length, pulse energy of the pump and signal lights, pulse width, and other factors on the characteristics of the MIR pulse are explored. Furthermore, through simulations from the time domain to the frequency domain, the spectral characteristics and angular distribution of MIR were analyzed.

Synthesis and Characterization of Al- and SnO-Doped ZnO Thermoelectric Thin Films.

The effect of SnO addition (0, 1, 2, 4 wt.%) on thermoelectric properties of -axis oriented Al-doped ZnO thin films (AZO) fabricated by pulsed laser deposition on silica and AlO substrates was investigated. The best thermoelectric performance was obtained on the AZO + 2% SnO thin film grown on silica, with a power factor () of 211.

[The origins of Moscow Ophthalmological Society].

The article reveals for the first time the founding doctors of the Moscow Ophthalmological Society established with in the archival documents and literary publications. It also describes biography and work of the eminent Russian ophthalmologist F.O.

[First female medical resident trainee at Moscow University's ophthalmology clinic - Ekaterina Dmitrievna Kastalskaya].

On the basis of archival documents and literary publications presented creative biography and professional work of the first female ophthalmologist Eye hospital clinic of Moscow University E.D. Kastalskaya.

[Ivan Nikolaevich Katsaurov - a distinguished Russian ophthalmologist].

Through archival documents and published sources, we have traced the rise of I.N. Katsaurov, an outstanding Russian ophthalmologist, and appraised his contribution to the development of ophthalmology.