Early CAR CD4 T-lymphocytes recovery following CAR-T cell infusion: A worse outcome in diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

CAR CD4 T cell lymphopenia is an emerging issue following CAR-T cell therapy. We analyzed the determinants of CD4 T cell recovery and a possible association with survival in 31 consecutive patients treated with commercial CAR-T for diffuse large B-cell (DLBCL) or mantle cell lymphoma. Circulating immune subpopulations were characterized through multiparametric-flow cytometry.

Disease stage-dependent changes in brain levels and neuroprotective effects of neuroactive steroids in Parkinson's disease.

Neuroactive steroids are known neuroprotective agents and neurotransmitter regulators. We previously found that expression of the enzymes synthesizing 5α-dihydroprogesterone (5α-DHP), allopregnanolone (ALLO), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were reduced in the substantia nigra (SN) of Parkinson's Disease (PD) brain. Here, concentrations of a comprehensive panel of steroids were measured in human post-mortem brains of PD patients and controls.

Donor selection for adoptive immunotherapy with NK cells in AML patients: Comparison between analysis of lytic NK cell clones and phenotypical identification of alloreactive NK cell repertoire.

Natural killer (NK) cell-based adoptive immunotherapy in leukemia patients is an emerging field of interest based on clinical evidence of efficacy and safety. Elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have been successfully treated with NK cells from HLA-haploidentical donors, especially when high amounts of alloreactive NK cells were infused. The aim of this study was comparing two approaches to define the size of alloreactive NK cells in haploidentical donors for AML patients recruited in two clinical trials with the acronym "NK-AML" (NCT03955848), and "MRD-NK".

CD19-Targeted Immunotherapies for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy were, for many years, the only available cancer treatments. Recently, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies has emerged as promising alternative. These cancer immunotherapies are aimed to support or harness the patient's immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells.

Post-Transplant Nivolumab Plus Unselected Autologous Lymphocytes in Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Feasible and Promising Salvage Therapy Associated With Expansion and Maturation of NK Cells.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CI) have demonstrated clinical activity in Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) patients relapsing after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), although only 20% complete response (CR) rate was observed. The efficacy of CI is strictly related to the host immune competence, which is impaired in heavily pre-treated HL patients. Here, we aimed to enhance the activity of early post-ASCT CI (nivolumab) administration with the infusion of autologous lymphocytes (ALI).