Assessment of decision-making with locally run and web-based large language models versus human board recommendations in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery.

Introduction: Tumor boards are a cornerstone of modern cancer treatment. Given their advanced capabilities, the role of Large Language Models (LLMs) in generating tumor board decisions for otorhinolaryngology (ORL) head and neck surgery is gaining increasing attention. However, concerns over data protection and the use of confidential patient information in web-based LLMs have restricted their widespread adoption and hindered the exploration of their full potential.

Patient Support in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea by a Large Language Model - ChatGPT 4o on Answering Frequently Asked Questions on First Line Positive Airway Pressure and Second Line Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Therapy: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disease that benefits from early treatment and patient support in order to prevent secondary illnesses. This study assesses the capability of the large language model (LLM) ChatGPT-4o to offer patient support regarding first line positive airway pressure (PAP) and second line hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) therapy.

Methods: Seventeen questions, each regarding PAP and HGNS therapy, were posed to ChatGPT-4o.

Investigating associations between the physical living environment and hippocampus in adulthood and older age.

It is by now well known that the physical living environment has a major impact on people's life, but the neural structures involved in this relationship remain to be explored. Most studies investigating this relationship only focus on single environmental predictors. In order to understand how the multitude of factors constituting the living environment relate to brain structure we used data from the UK Biobank (n = 21,094; age Mean = 63.

Efficacy and working mechanisms of a Go/No-Go task-based inhibition training in smoking: A randomized-controlled trial.

Objective: Deficits in inhibitory control contribute to smoking behavior. Inhibitory control training (ICT), which involves repeatedly inhibiting responses to general or substance-related stimuli, shows promise in reducing problematic substance use. This preregistered randomized-controlled trial is the first to investigate the efficacy of general and smoking-specific Go/No-Go task-based ICT on smoking behavior compared to control groups receiving no ICT.

Obesity modulates NK-cell activity via LDL & DUSP1 signaling for Populations with Adverse Social Determinants.

African American (AA) women are disproportionally affected by obesity and hyperlipidemia, particularly in the setting of adverse social determinants of health (aSDoH) contributing to health disparities. Obesity, hyperlipidemia, and aSDoH appear to impair Natural Killer cells (NKs). As potential common underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, we sought to investigate common signaling pathways involved in NK dysfunction related to obesity and hyperlipidemia in AA women from under-resourced neighborhoods.