Optimizing the Medication Distribution Process for Inpatient Units.

Pharmacy robots and automated dispensing cabinets are commonly used to distribute medications to inpatient units efficiently and safely. Decisions regarding the use of these technologies are often made without full knowledge regarding system effects. This paper determines a cost effective and safe way to distribute medications to patients across a hospital system by minimizing the distribution cost and missing dose rate.

Development of a Pediatric Mini-Tablet Formulation for Expedited Preclinical Studies.

Multiple considerations are essential to address the main challenges of dose flexibility and patient adherence in pediatric drug development, particularly for oncology. Mini-tablets, 2 mm in diameter, were manufactured using a rotary tablet press at a set weight and compression force level. The physical characteristics were consistent for mini-tablets throughout multiple batches.

Slow climate velocities of mountain streams portend their role as refugia for cold-water biodiversity.

The imminent demise of montane species is a recurrent theme in the climate change literature, particularly for aquatic species that are constrained to networks and elevational rather than latitudinal retreat as temperatures increase. Predictions of widespread species losses, however, have yet to be fulfilled despite decades of climate change, suggesting that trends are much weaker than anticipated and may be too subtle for detection given the widespread use of sparse water temperature datasets or imprecise surrogates like elevation and air temperature. Through application of large water-temperature databases evaluated for sensitivity to historical air-temperature variability and computationally interpolated to provide high-resolution thermal habitat information for a 222,000-km network, we estimate a less dire thermal plight for cold-water species within mountains of the northwestern United States.

Thermal controls of Yellowstone cutthroat trout and invasive fishes under climate change.

We combine large observed data sets and dynamically downscaled climate data to explore historic and future (2050-2069) stream temperature changes over the topographically diverse Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (elevation range = 824-4017 m). We link future stream temperatures with fish growth models to investigate how changing thermal regimes could influence the future distribution and persistence of native Yellowstone cutthroat trout (YCT) and competing invasive species. We find that stream temperatures during the recent decade (2000-2009) surpass the anomalously warm period of the 1930s.

The ability of adults and children to visually identify peanuts and tree nuts.

Background: Peanuts and tree nuts are common food allergens and are the leading cause of fatalities from food-induced anaphylaxis. Dietary avoidance is the primary management of these allergies and requires the ability to identify peanuts or tree nuts.

Objectives: To investigate the ability of adults and children to visually identify peanuts and tree nuts.