Accuracy of the Apple Watch Series 9 for Measures of Energy Expenditure and Heart Rate at Rest and During Exercise: Impact of Skin Pigmentation.

Background: The Apple Watch provides promising health data that could aid in increasing exercise adherence; regular exercise can help individuals manage and prevent diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular disease. However, the impact of skin pigmentation on the accuracy of the Apple Watch Series 9 for measures of energy expenditure (EE) and heart rate (HR) is unknown.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of the Apple Watch Series 9 on various skin pigmentations for measures of EE and HR.

A neural basis of choking under pressure.

Incentives tend to drive improvements in performance. But when incentives get too high, we can "choke under pressure" and underperform right when it matters most. What neural processes might lead to choking under pressure? We studied rhesus monkeys performing a challenging reaching task in which they underperformed when an unusually large "jackpot" reward was at stake, and we sought a neural mechanism that might result in that underperformance.

A posture subspace in primary motor cortex.

To generate movements, the brain must combine information about movement goal and body posture. Motor cortex (M1) is a key node for the convergence of these information streams. How are posture and goal information organized within M1's activity to permit the flexible generation of movement commands? To answer this question, we recorded M1 activity while monkeys performed a variety of tasks with the forearm in a range of postures.

Motor somatotopy impacts imagery strategy success in human intracortical brain-computer interfaces.

The notion of a somatotopically organized motor cortex, with movements of different body parts being controlled by spatially distinct areas of cortex, is well known. However, recent studies have challenged this notion and suggested a more distributed representation of movement control. This shift in perspective has significant implications, particularly when considering the implantation location of electrode arrays for intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs).

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: 2024.

The family includes viruses with a dsDNA genome of 16-17 kbp. Virions are spherical with a diameter of approximately 75 nm and comprise a host-derived internal lipid membrane surrounded by a proteinaceous capsid shell. Members of the family infect extremophilic archaea of the genera and .