Minimal influence of the menstrual cycle or hormonal contraceptives on performance in female rugby league athletes.

We examined performance across one menstrual cycle (MC) and 3 weeks of hormonal contraceptives (HC) use to identify whether known fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone/progestin are associated with functional performance changes. National Rugby League Indigenous Women's Academy athletes [n = 11 naturally menstruating (NM), n = 13 using HC] completed performance tests [countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), isometric mid-thigh pull, 20 m sprint, power pass and Stroop test] during three phases of a MC or three weeks of HC usage, confirmed through ovulation tests alongside serum estrogen and progesterone concentrations. MC phase or HC use did not influence jump height, peak force, sprint time, distance thrown or Stroop effect.

Need a break? The locomotor and tackle pacing profile and loads of women's rugby league match-play following various between-match turnaround durations.

Objectives: The study investigated the locomotor and tackle pacing profile and loads of female rugby league players following various between-match turnaround durations. Specifically, the study examined the (1) pacing of locomotor and tackle loads across the time-course of a match and; (2) whole-match and peak locomotor and tackle loads of match-play.

Methods: Microtechnology data were collected from elite female rugby league players ( = 172) representing all National Rugby League Women's teams ( = 6 teams) across two seasons.

Behind enemy lines: Expressing locomotor movements of athletes in the National Rugby League Women's (NRLW) competition relative to opposition data.

We provide a novel analysis of the locomotor movements of athletes in the National Rugby League Women's (NRLW) competition by presenting the data of opposing teams expressed as a relative (%) difference and explore the association with match outcome. 117 rugby league athletes from the four NRLW clubs participated in this study. Mean speed (m·min), mean high-speed running (>12 km·h; m·min), and mean acceleration (m·s) were measured in 12 matches (370 individual match files) using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).

Comparative pulmonary and genotoxic responses to inhaled nickel subsulfide and nickel sulfate in F344 rats.

Inhalation studies with nickel (Ni) subsulfide (Ni S ) and Ni sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO ·6H O) investigated differences in mode of action that could explain why the former induced lung tumors in rats and the latter did not. Male rats were exposed to ≤0.22 mg Ni/m NiSO ·6H O or 0.