Increased Brightness and Reduced Efficiency Droop in Perovskite Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Using Carbazole-Based Phosphonic Acid Interface Modifiers.

We demonstrate the use of [2-(9-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz) and [2-(3,6-di--butyl-9-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (-Bu-2PACz) as anode modification layers in metal-halide perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). Compared to conventional QLED structures with PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate)/PVK (poly(9-vinylcarbazole)) hole-transport layers, the QLEDs made with phosphonic acid (PA)-modified indium tin oxide (ITO) anodes show an over seven-fold increase in brightness, achieving a brightness of 373,000 cd m, one of the highest brightnesses reported to date for colloidal perovskite QLEDs. Importantly, the onset of efficiency roll-off, or efficiency droop, occurs at ∼1000-fold higher current density for QLEDs made with PA-modified anodes compared to control QLEDs made with conventional PEDOT:PSS/PVK hole transport layers, allowing the devices to sustain significantly higher levels of external quantum efficiency at a brightness of >10 cd m.

Thermally Stable Anthracene-Based 2D/3D Heterostructures for Perovskite Solar Cells.

Bulky organic cations are used in perovskite solar cells as a protective barrier against moisture, oxygen, and ion diffusion. However, bulky cations can introduce thermal instabilities by reacting with the near-surface of the 3D perovskite forming low-dimensional phases, including 2D perovskites, and by diffusing away from the surface into the film. This study explores the thermal stability of CsFAPbI 3D perovskite surfaces treated with two anthracene salts─anthracen-1-ylmethylammonium iodide (AMAI) and 2-(anthracen-1-yl)ethylammonium iodide (AEAI)─and compares them with the widely used phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI).

Uncertainty-aware automatic TNM staging classification for [F] Fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT reports for lung cancer utilising transformer-based language models and multi-task learning.

Background: [F] Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-CT is a clinical imaging modality widely used in diagnosing and staging lung cancer. The clinical findings of PET-CT studies are contained within free text reports, which can currently only be categorised by experts manually reading them. Pre-trained transformer-based language models (PLMs) have shown success in extracting complex linguistic features from text.

Direct and Vicarious Experiences of COVID-19-Related Racism Across Racial and Ethnic Groups in the United States.

Objectives: Due to stigmatization associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, certain groups were believed to be the cause of COVID-19 and thus experienced COVID-19-related racism through direct interpersonal and vicarious experiences. This study used quantitative and qualitative responses to examine whether the prevalence of experiencing these types of racism varied across racial and ethnic groups.

Study Design: This cross-sectional study included 5,480 participants in the REACH-US (Race-Related Experiences Associated with COVID-19 and Health in the United States) study, which is a nationally representative survey administered to 5,500 U.