The dispersion method does not affect the in vitro genotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes despite inducing surface alterations.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are a desirable class of high aspect ratio nanomaterials (HARNs) owing to their extensive applications. Given their demand, the growing occupational and consumer exposure to these materials has warranted an extensive investigation into potential hazards they may pose towards human health. This study utilised both the in vitro mammalian cell gene mutation and the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assays to investigate genotoxicity in human lymphoblastoid (TK6) and 16HBE14o human lung epithelial cells, following exposure to NM-400 and NM-401 MWCNTs for 24 h.

Updated assessment of the genotoxic potential of titanium dioxide based on reviews of in vitro comet, mode of action and cellular uptake studies, and recent publications.

In 2021 the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) concluded that "A concern for genotoxicity of TiO2 particles that may be present in E 171 could therefore not be ruled out.". A detailed review of the genotoxicity of titanium dioxide (TiO) was subsequently published by Kirkland et al.

Nasoseptal chondroprogenitors isolated through fibronectin-adherence confer no biological advantage for cartilage tissue engineering compared to nasoseptal chondrocytes.

Introduction: The ability to bioprint facial cartilages could revolutionise reconstructive surgery, but identifying the optimum cell source remains one of the great challenges of tissue engineering. Tissue specific stem cells: chondroprogenitors, have been extracted previously using preferential adhesion to fibronectin based on the expression of CD49e: a perceived chondroprogenitor stem cell marker present on <1% of cartilage cells. This study sought to determine whether these fibronectin-adherent chondroprogenitor cells could be exploited for cartilage tissue engineering applications in isolation, or combined with differentiated chondrocytes.

Next Generation Risk Assessment approaches for advanced nanomaterials: Current status and future perspectives.

This manuscript discusses the challenges of applying New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for safe by design and regulatory risk assessment of advanced nanomaterials (AdNMs). The authors propose a framework for Next Generation Risk Assessment of AdNMs involving NAMs that is aligned to the conventional risk assessment paradigm. This framework is exposure-driven, endpoint-specific, makes best use of pre-existing information, and can be implemented in tiers of increasing specificity and complexity of the adopted NAMs.