A phase II open label, randomized clinical trial of atezolizumab with or without human recombinant IL-7 (CYT107) in advanced urothelial cancer.

Purpose: Advanced urothelial cancer generally has high mortality despite modern anti-PD-1/L1 antibody-based combinations. Augmenting checkpoint inhibitor-mediated immune responses with lymphocyte growth factors may improve outcomes. We conducted a randomized phase II study (CITN-14) in 47 patients to explore whether human recombinant IL-7 (CYT107) could be safely combined with PD-L1 inhibition to enhance responses.

Eligibility and Endpoints for Clinical Trials in Trimodality Therapy for Bladder Cancer.

Background: Trimodality therapy (TMT) is a viable option for muscle-invasive localized bladder cancer, providing an alternative to radical cystectomy in properly selected patients. The approval of novel therapeutics in different stages of bladder cancer treatment has sparked interest in exploring concurrent systemic therapies with radiation in clinical trials to enhance long-term outcomes. Achieving uniformity in trial eligibility criteria and endpoint definitions is imperative in describing clinical significance, comparing trials, and changing standard of care guidelines.

Simple and Epididymal-Sparing Orchiectomy for Surgical Castration in Stage IV Prostate Cancer.

Androgen deprivation therapy, the mainstay of treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer, can be either medical or surgical. Surgery has cost benefits compared to medical treatment. In this study, we evaluated the use of simple and epididymal-sparing orchiectomy in 2 different practice settings for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer.