[ADHD symptoms as risk factors for dysfunctional eating habits in adolescents: results from a longitudinal study].

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in childhood and early-adolescence and the development of dysfunctional eating habits later in life. The sample under investigation is composed of 217 adolescents (males: 30.9%; mean age: 17.

Deficits of the automatic orienting of attention in schizophrenic patients.

The automatic orienting of attention was studied in medicated non-psychotic schizophrenic patients and in matched controls using the Posner paradigm of covert orienting to peripheral cues. This paradigm allows determination of the "benefits" in performance when attention is moved in advance to target location ("valid" trials) and the "costs" in performance when attention has to be reoriented to target location after an incorrect directional cue ("invalid" trials). Compared to normals, schizophrenics showed reduced costs of invalid cueing and increased benefits of valid directional cueing.