A hole-selective hybrid TiO layer for stable and low-cost photoanodes in solar water oxidation.

The use of conductive and corrosion-resistant protective layers represents a key strategy for improving the durability of light absorber materials in photoelectrochemical water splitting. For high performance photoanodes such as Si, GaAs, and GaP, amorphous TiO protective overlayers, deposited by atomic layer deposition, are conductive for holes via a defect band in the TiO. However, when coated on simply prepared, low-cost photoanodes such as metal oxides, no charge transfer is observed through amorphous TiO.

The Swiss Army Knife of Electrodes: Pillar[6]arene-Modified Electrodes for Molecular Electrocatalysis Over a Wide pH Range.

Molecularly-modified electrode materials that maintain stability over a broad pH range are rare. Typically, each electrochemical transformation necessitates a specifically tuned system to achieve strong binding and high activity of the catalyst. Here, we report the functionalisation of mesoporous indium tin oxide (mITO) electrodes with the macrocyclic host molecule pillar[6]arene (PA[6]).

Operation of Amorphous TiO-Protected Photocathodes Described with the Maxwell Equivalent Circuit.

The use of amorphous TiO (a-TiO), deposited by atomic layer deposition, is a common strategy to protect semiconductors from degradation when used in water-splitting photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a suitable technique to study these PEC cells because it is capable of deconvoluting multiple processes occurring during operation, therefore providing information about mechanisms leading to the overall device performance. When biased under hydrogen evolution conditions, EIS shows that two simultaneous processes occur in a-TiO-protected photocathodes, which introduces an ambiguity in choosing the correct equivalent circuit to describe the operating device.

Opportunistic Identification of Coronary Artery Calcium and Valve/Vascular Calcifications on Chest X-Ray: Improvements With Single-Exposure Dual-Energy Imaging.

To evaluate whether single-exposure, dual-energy chest X-ray (DEX) improves visualization of coronary artery calcium (CAC) and valve/vascular calcifications compared to conventional X-ray. Sixty-one bone-marrow transplant patients (22- 79 years; median 61; IQR 15; w/m, 24/37), underwent single-exposure dual-energy X-ray (Reveal 35C, KA imaging) in pa and lateral projection, followed by a standard-of-care chest CT. Two DEX pairs (pa/lateral) were calculated: a composite image (COMP) and a bone image with soft-tissue subtraction (BI).