Esophagectomy is the mainstay of treatment in esophageal cancer. Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) remains a challenging procedure and has been associated with a high rate of complications and mortality. Routine lymphadenectomy includes two-field lymphadenectomy for distal-esophageal or gastroesophageal junction Siewert I-II tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAmpullary tumors occur rarely, and the only curative treatment is resection. The endoscopic approach is the most well-known and common treatment of choice. Open surgical resection is the usual treatment of choice in cases of unsuccessful endoscopic resection and big tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF