Two-year analysis of Clostridium difficile ribotypes associated with increased severity.

Background: Certain Clostridium difficile ribotypes have been associated with complex disease phenotypes including recurrence and increased severity, especially the well-described hypervirulent RT027. This study aimed to determine the pattern of ribotypes causing infection and the association, if any, with severity.

Methods: All faecal samples submitted to a large diagnostic laboratory for C.

In recurrent C. difficile, the CRP response to the primary C. difficile infection predicts whether the same strain or a different strain will cause a second infection.

Background: Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality. There is a wide variance in disease severity with some patients suffering a single, self-limiting episode of diarrhoea while others suffer more intractable problems with recurrent attacks or toxic dilatation. Numerous different C.

Emergence and global spread of epidemic healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile.

Epidemic C. difficile (027/BI/NAP1) has rapidly emerged in the past decade as the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide. However, the key events in evolutionary history leading to its emergence and the subsequent patterns of global spread remain unknown.

Axillary web syndrome: nature and localization.

Axillary Web Syndrome (AWS) is a complication that can arise in patients following treatment for breast cancer. It is also known variously as syndrome of the axillary cords, syndrome of the axillary adhesion, and cording lymphedema. The exact origin, presentation, course, and treatment of AWS is still largely undefined.