A Multiplex High-Resolution Melting (HRM) assay to differentiate Fusarium graminearum chemotypes.

Fusarium graminearum is a primary cause of Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat and barley. The fungus produces trichothecene mycotoxins that render grain unsuitable for food, feed, or malt. Isolates of F.

Regulation and function of the gill corticotropin-releasing factor system during osmoregulatory disturbances in Atlantic salmon.

While corticosteroids, including cortisol, have conserved osmoregulatory functions, the relative involvement of other stress-related hormones in osmoregulatory processes remains unclear. To address this gap, we initially characterized the gill corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and then determined: 1) how it is influenced by osmotic disturbances; 2) whether it is affected by cortisol; and 3) which physiological processes it regulates in the gills. Most CRF system components were expressed in the gills with CRF receptor 2 (crfr2a), CRF binding protein (crfbp1 and crfbp2), and urocortin 2 (ucn2a) being the most abundant.

Application of the Tier 3 NIOSH occupational exposure banding process for the graphene family of nanomaterials: A case study.

Graphene is a class of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials composed of single or multiple layers of carbon atoms. To date, there are limited clinical data and no epidemiological research available to assess graphene toxicity in humans. Despite the growing amount of animal toxicity data, there are currently no occupational exposure limits (OELs) for any type of graphene nanomaterial published by international authoritative organizations to ensure their safe handling within workplaces.