Publications by authors named "S Crispino"
Female athletes: a state-of-the-art review of multiorgan influence of exercise training.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness
January 2025
Endurance sports have witnessed an increase in female participation, demanding a constant and evolving reassessment of the specific physiological and health implications of female athletes. In the present review, we analyze cardiovascular, hematological adaptations and anthropometry and hormonal fluctuations highlighting sex-specific differences in response to exercise, with estrogen playing a fundamental role in modulating body composition and metabolic processes. Nutritional aspects, in particular energy availability, macronutrient distribution and hydration, are fundamental in supporting training demands and menstrual function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCoronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for over 9 million deaths annually. The prevalence of CAD continues to rise, driven by ageing and the increasing prevalence of risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Current clinical guidelines emphasize the importance of functional tests in the diagnostic pathway, particularly for assessing the presence and severity of ischemia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Athletes often show changes in their electrocardiograms (ECGs) due to heart adaptations from regular training, known as the athlete's heart, but these changes can sometimes mimic heart disease signs.
- Misdiagnosis can lead to serious consequences, including sudden cardiac death, which is a major risk for young athletes.
- This review aims to help cardiologists and sports doctors differentiate between normal exercise-related ECG changes and those indicating potential heart problems, guiding further investigations when needed.
Article Synopsis
- - Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the top cause of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative prevention and treatment solutions, like the polypill, which combines multiple heart-healthy medications into one pill to enhance adherence and management.
- - Clinical studies show that the polypill can reduce major cardiovascular events, improve medication adherence, and possibly help address treatment gaps in various populations, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where CVD rates are rising.
- - Despite its potential benefits, there are ongoing debates about the polypill's effectiveness compared to personalized treatment plans, and challenges remain in customizing it for individual patient needs and gathering more extensive evidence from large trials.
Environmental factors such as extreme temperatures, humidity, wind, pollution, altitude, and diving can significantly impact athletes' cardiovascular systems, potentially hindering their performance, particularly in outdoor sports. The urgency of this issue is heightened by the increasing prevalence of climate change and its associated conditions, including fluctuating pollution levels, temperature variations, and the spread of infectious diseases. Despite its critical importance, this topic is often overlooked in sports medicine.
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