Fluorescent Molecular Probe for Imaging Hypoxia in 2D Cell Culture Monolayers and 3D Tumor Spheroids: The Cell Membrane Partition Model for Predicting Probe Distribution in a Spheroid.

Compared to cultured 2D cell monolayers, 3D multicellular spheroids are more realistic tumor models. Nonetheless, spheroids remain under-utilized in preclinical research, in part, because there is a lack of fluorescence sensors that can noninvasively interrogate all the individual cells within a spheroid. This present study describes a deep-red fluorogenic molecular probe for microscopic imaging of cells that contain a high level of nitroreductase enzyme activity as a biomarker of cell hypoxia.

Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Subclinical Markers of Cardiovascular Harm.

Background: Cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular harm.

Objectives: The study sought to explore the detailed relationships between smoking intensity, pack-years, and time since cessation with inflammation, thrombosis, and subclinical atherosclerosis markers of cardiovascular harm.

Methods: We included 182,364 participants (mean age 58.

Semiautomated Production of Cell-Free Biosensors.

Cell-free synthetic biology biosensors have potential as effective diagnostic technologies for the detection of chemical compounds, such as toxins and human health biomarkers. They have several advantages over conventional laboratory-based diagnostic approaches, including the ability to be assembled, freeze-dried, distributed, and then used at the point of need. This makes them an attractive platform for cheap and rapid chemical detection across the globe.

Polygenic Scores of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in American Indian Adults.

Importance: Numerous efforts have been made to include diverse populations in genetic studies, but American Indian populations are still severely underrepresented. Polygenic scores derived from genetic data have been proposed in clinical care, but how polygenic scores perform in American Indian individuals and whether they can predict disease risk in this population remains unknown.

Objective: To study the performance of polygenic scores for cardiometabolic risk factors of lipid traits and C-reactive protein in American Indian adults and to determine whether such scores are helpful in clinical prediction for cardiometabolic diseases.

Differential immune profiles in the context of chronic stress among childhood adversity-exposed adolescents.

Psychosocial stress has been linked to myriad mental and physical health conditions. Stress-induced changes to functioning of the immune system is a plausible mechanism in this association. Psychosocial stress is a well-established contributor to immune dysregulation, though the extant literature to date falls short of addressing the role of distal relative to contemporary stress in immune function, particularly as they relate to distinctions between innate and adaptive immunity.