Advances in mapping population and demographic characteristics at small-area levels.

Temporally and spatially highly resolved information on population characteristics, including demographic profile (e.g. age and sex), ethnicity and socio-economic status (e.

Towards 2011 output geographies: exploring the need for, and challenges involved in, maintenance of the 2001 output geographies.

This article describes and presents early results from the ESRC-funded Census 2011Geog project, which aims to develop and evaluate automated procedures to maintain (split, merge or re-design) the 2001 Census output geographies in order to create the 2011 output geographies for England and Wales. The article explores population change at the small area level between 2001 and 2005-06, and considers the extent to which the 2001 Census output geographies are likely to be appropriate for the release of 2011 Census data. It concludes that the vast majority of output geography areas are unlikely to have breached population thresholds by 2011, but that a small proportion of areas will require maintenance.

Advancing insights into methods for studying environment-health relationships: a multidisciplinary approach to understanding Legionnaires' disease.

Recent years have witnessed important advances in the analysis of spatially referenced health data. This paper uses GIS and point pattern modelling to address previously unanswered questions regarding the spatial epidemiology of Legionnaires' disease. We demonstrate a distance effect for proximity of residence to cooling towers; mixed support for a directional effect; and some evidence relating to multiple sources.

Overall quality of outcomes framework scores lower in practices in deprived areas.

There has been much debate as to whether quality points allocated through the new general medical services contract are more difficult to achieve for practices in deprived and rural areas. We used multiple regression to assess the relationships between deprivation, rurality and the number of overall quality points achieved by each practice. Multiple deprivation was significantly inversely related to quality points achieved.