Publications by authors named "S Chavanas"

Optic neuropathies are characterized by the degeneration of the optic nerves and represent a considerable individual and societal burden. Notably, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a devastating vision disease caused by mitochondrial gene mutations that hinder oxidative phosphorylation and increase oxidative stress, leading to the loss of retinal ganglion neurons and axons. Loss of vision is rapid and severe, predominantly in young adults.

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Brain organoids are invaluable tools for pathophysiological studies or drug screening, but there are still challenges to overcome in making them more reproducible and relevant. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of human neural organoids is an emerging approach that may overcome the limitations of self-organized organoids. It requires the development of optimal hydrogels, and a wealth of research has improved our knowledge about biomaterials both in terms of their intrinsic properties and their relevance on 3D culture of brain cells and tissue.

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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a master regulator of metabolism, adipogenesis, inflammation and cell cycle, and it has been extensively studied in the brain in relation to inflammation or neurodegeneration. Little is known however about its role in viral infections of the brain parenchyma, although they represent the most frequent cause of encephalitis and are a major threat for the developing brain. Specific to viral infections is the ability to subvert signaling pathways of the host cell to ensure virus replication and spreading, as deleterious as the consequences may be for the host.

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Article Synopsis
  • Congenital infection of the central nervous system by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can lead to serious neurodevelopmental issues, such as mental retardation and brain abnormalities.
  • Research shows that HCMV infection increases the expression of the gene PAFAH1B1, which is linked to neural cell migration problems.
  • The study highlights that impaired migration of neural stem cells due to HCMV infection may play a significant role in the neurological effects seen in affected fetuses, emphasizing the importance of understanding PAFAH1B1's role in this context.
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Objective: Data from clinical research suggest that certain probiotic bacterial strains have the potential to modulate colonic inflammation. Nonetheless, these data differ between studies due to the probiotic bacterial strains used and the poor knowledge of their mechanisms of action.

Design: By mass-spectrometry, we identified and quantified free long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in probiotics and assessed the effect of one of them in mouse colitis.

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