Use of intrathecal midazolam or fentanyl as an adjunct to spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine for lower limb surgery: A randomised controlled study.

Background: Intrathecal adjuncts have been used to prolong the quality and duration of subarachnoid anaesthesia. Midazolam given intrathecally is reported to have antinociceptive properties. The purpose of this study was to compare intrathecal midazolam with fentanyl for pain relief and patient comfort.

Bullet and Blast ENT Injuries in Counter-Insurgency Area.

Background: Many ENT injuries are not recognized easily, but they have the potential of increasing the morbidity.

Methods: ENT injuries managed in two tertiary care Level-IV hospitals between 2006 and 2007 were studied with a view to formulate strategy in efficient management of these cases.

Result: Emergency bags did not carry readymade packs to control nasal bleeds.