Incidence and Prevalence of Vaginal Infections in Women of Reproductive Age in North Macedonia.

In the available literature on this subject there are many studies which describe the effects of sexually transmitted infections on pregnancy and fertility of women. Because of the frequency of the infections with the atypical bacteria of the Spp., Spp.

Nephrinuria and podocytopathies.

The discovery of nephrin in 1998 has launched a new era in glomerular diseases research, emphasizing its crucial role in the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier. In the past 20 years, substantial advances have been made in understanding podocyte structure and function as well as the discovery of several podocyte-related proteins including nephrin. The glomerular filtration barrier is comprised of podocytes, the glomerular basement membrane and endothelial cells.

Role of urinary podocalyxin in early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.

Podocyte injury has been reported as an early feature of DN therefore, the assessment of podocyte injury can be accomplished by estimation of podocalyxin in urine. This study aimed to estimate the urinary podocalyxin levels and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this biomarker for early detection of DN. A total of 90 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were included in this cross-sectional study.

NEUTROPHIL GELATINASE-ASSOCIATED LIPOCALIN AS AN EARLY BIOMARKER OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN NEWBORNS.

The aim of the study was to determine the incidence, risk factors and efficiency of the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) biomarker in early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in newborns. The study was designed as a prospective, clinical, epidemiological investigation conducted in the period of three years, which included 50 newborns with AKI hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Children's Hospital in Skopje. The estimated prevalence of AKI was 6.

Urinary nephrin is earlier, more sensitive and specific marker of diabetic nephropathy than microalbuminuria.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Progressive damage and decline in the number of podocytes often occur in the early stages of DN. Thus, nephrin as a podocyte-specific protein may be regarded as a potential biomarker of early detection of DN.