Update regarding the role of PD-L1 in oncocytic thyroid lesions on cytological samples.

Aims: Several papers have shown that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is a relevant predictive biomarker in anti-PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy. While its role in several human cancers is correlated with poor prognosis and resistance to anticancer therapies, in thyroid cancers the role of PD-L1 remains questionable. Few articles have studied PD-L1 in thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), demonstrating a possible correlation with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

The Role of Cytology in the Diagnosis of Subcentimeter Thyroid Lesions.

Thyroid nodules are common and typically detected by palpation and/or ultrasound (US). Guidelines have defined the management of large nodules, but controversy exists regarding nodules ≤ 1 cm. We evaluated a cohort of patients with subcentimeter nodules to determine their rate of malignancy (ROM).

How limited molecular testing can also offer diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of thyroid nodules processed with liquid-based cytology: Role of TERT promoter and BRAF V600E mutation analysis.

Background: Mutational analysis contributes to the diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid nodules analyzed with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Although several advanced molecular tests based on multiple molecular markers are available for clinical use and have increased their impact on clinical management of patients, they are not widely available. Among them is BRAF V600E, one of the most studied mutations.

The combination cytology/epichek test in non muscle invasive bladder carcinoma follow-up: Effective tool or useless expence?

Objective: To identify in which cases after cytological diagnosis, the Bladder EpiCheck test could represent an effective tool in non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma or an useless expence.

Materials And Methods: 375 patients diagnosed with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, 269 with high grade urothelial carcinoma and 106 with carcinoma in situ, were treated and followed for 1 year. The treatment was an intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in 305 patients and Mitomycin-C in 70 patients.

PD-L1 and thyroid cytology: A possible diagnostic and prognostic marker.

Background: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is emerging as an important predictive biomarker in anti-PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy. Its role has been clearly defined in various human cancers and is linked to a poor prognosis and resistance to anticancer therapies. The role of PD-L1 in thyroid cancers has not been well defined in fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).