Fungal post-treatment of pulp mill effluents for the removal of recalcitrant pollutants.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the post-treatment of an anaerobic recalcitrant effluent (anaerobically-treated weak black liquor, AnE) in an aerobic, upflow reactor packed with "biocubes" of Trametes versicolor immobilized onto small cubes of holm oak wood. The treated effluent (named anaerobic effluent; AnE) from an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor was fed to an up-flow aerobic fungal packed bed reactor (PBR). Two HRT were tested in this unit, namely 5 and 2.

Comparison of two continuous fungal bioreactors for posttreatment of anaerobically pretreated weak black liquor from kraft pulp mills.

The purpose of this work was to evaluate and compare two continuous systems of posttreatment of anaerobically pretreated weak black liquor (WBL). The first system consisted of a packed bed reactor (PBR) with Trametes versicolor (Tv) immobilized on wood cubes of holm oak (biocubes). The second system was a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) with Lentinus edodes (Le) immobilized on wood cubes of holm oak.

Integrated biological treatment of recalcitrant effluents from pulp mills.

This work aimed at determining the degree of depuration of a recalcitrant effluent (weak black liquor, WBL) achieved in a series treatment consisting of a first stage methanogenic fluidised bed reactor followed by a second stage aerobic, upflow reactor packed with "biocubes" of Trametes versicolor immobilised onto small cubes of holm oak wood. The mesophilic, lab scale methanogenic fluidised bed reactor contained a microbial consortium immobilised onto granular activated carbon 500 microm average size. The process removed decreasing amounts of organic matter at decreasing hydraulic retention times (HRT), eventually reaching an average of 50% at 0.

[In vitro study of various ionophore antibiotics and some of their derivatives. II. Characterization of the ionophore properties of the compounds in a model system for Na+ and K+ ions].

Transport of Na+ and K+ by different carboxylic polyether antibiotics and some of their derivatives was measured in a triphasic water/chloroform/water model system. Monensin, nigericin, narasin and lasalocid proved to be efficient K+ carriers, while grisorixin, alborixin and X 14547A gave lower ionic fluxes. Furthermore, the structural modifications of nigericin, grisorixin and lasalocid reduced the ionophore properties of the corresponding natural metabolite.

[In vitro study of ionophore antibiotics and various derivatives. I. Action on fermentation products in the rumen].

An in vitro study was conducted to test the action of different ionophore antibiotics and some of their derivatives on the end-products of rumen fermentation. Nigericin and narasin, like monensin and lasalocid, increased the molar proportion of propionate in the V.F.