Optimal Prehospital Practices for Airway Emergencies of Military Working Dog Combat Casualties.

Purpose: This study evaluated the feasibility of performing a surgical cricothyrotomy (CTT) in lieu of a tube tracheostomy (TT) as the first-line emergent surgical airway access technique in military working dogs (MWDs).

Methods: In a crossover, randomized trial, five emergency medicine physician residents (MD group), trained in performing CTT in people but not canines, and five early career veterinarians (DVM group), trained in performing TT in canines but not trained in performing CTT in canines, performed a CTT and TT on 10 canine cadavers.

Results: The time to complete CTT within the MD group was statistically shorter than the time to complete TT (P<.

Human Alveolar and Monocyte-Derived Human Macrophage Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) mediate early lung immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Differences in the response of these distinct cell types are poorly understood and may provide insight into mechanisms of tuberculosis pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to determine whether M.

Discovery of a glutathione utilization pathway in Francisella that shows functional divergence between environmental and pathogenic species.

Glutathione (GSH) is an abundant metabolite within eukaryotic cells that can act as a signal, a nutrient source, or serve in a redox capacity for intracellular bacterial pathogens. For Francisella, GSH is thought to be a critical in vivo source of cysteine; however, the cellular pathways permitting GSH utilization by Francisella differ between strains and have remained poorly understood. Using genetic screening, we discovered a unique pathway for GSH utilization in Francisella.

Update on the Features and Measurements of Experimental Acute Lung Injury in Animals: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.

Advancements in methods, technology, and our understanding of the pathobiology of lung injury have created the need to update the definition of experimental acute lung injury (ALI). We queried 50 participants with expertise in ALI and acute respiratory distress syndrome using a Delphi method composed of a series of electronic surveys and a virtual workshop. We propose that ALI presents as a "multidimensional entity" characterized by four "domains" that reflect the key pathophysiologic features and underlying biology of human acute respiratory distress syndrome.