Influence of anatomical site and topical formulation on skin penetration of sunscreens.

Sunscreen products are widely used to protect the skin from sun-related damage. Previous studies have shown that some sunscreen chemicals are absorbed across the skin to the systemic circulation. The current study shows that absorption into the skin of sunscreen chemicals applied to the face is up to four times greater than that of the same product applied to the back.

Effect of technical traning program on intern physicians' and nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding emergency contraceptives.

In spite of the effectiveness of modern contraceptives, unwanted pregnancies occur in large number throughout the world and many seek termination so emergency contraceptive methods can be used by women in the first few days, following unprotected intercourse to prevent unwanted pregnancy, induced abortion, and its consequences for women and couples. So this study was conducted to determine the effect of technical training program on upgrading a newly graduate physician and nurses knowledge and attitude regarding emergency contraceptives. The study included 50 intern physicians and 50 intern nurses who are working at El-Shatby maternity university hospital during 1st of march 2001.

Liquid chromatographic assay for common sunscreen agents: application to in vivo assessment of skin penetration and systemic absorption in human volunteers.

The purpose of the present study was to develop a reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay for quantifying four common sunscreen agents, namely 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexylsalicylate (octylsalicylate) and salicylic acid 3,3,5-trimethcyclohexyl ester (homosalate) in a range of biological matrices. This assay was further applied to study the skin penetration and systemic absorption of sunscreen filters after topical application to human volunteers. Separation was achieved utilizing a Symmetry C(18) column with methanol-water as the mobile phase.