Fully automated segmentation and classification of renal tumors on CT scans via machine learning.

Background: To develop and test the performance of a fully automated system for classifying renal tumor subtypes via deep machine learning for automated segmentation and classification.

Materials And Methods: The model was developed using computed tomography (CT) images of pathologically proven renal tumors collected from a prospective cohort at a medical center between March 2016 and December 2020. A total of 561 renal tumors were included: 233 clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), 82 papillary RCCs, 74 chromophobe RCCs, and 172 angiomyolipomas.

Signatures of longitudinal spin pumping in a magnetic phase transition.

A particle current generated by pumping in the absence of gradients in potential energy, density or temperature is associated with non-trivial dynamics. A representative example is charge pumping that is associated with the quantum Hall effect and the quantum anomalous Hall effect. Spin pumping, the spin equivalent of charge pumping, refers to the emission of a spin current by magnetization dynamics.

Time-resolved Brownian tomography of single nanocrystals in liquid during oxidative etching.

Colloidal nanocrystals inherently undergo structural changes during chemical reactions. The robust structure-property relationships, originating from their nanoscale dimensions, underscore the significance of comprehending the dynamic structural behavior of nanocrystals in reactive chemical media. Moreover, the complexity and heterogeneity inherent in their atomic structures require tracking of structural transitions in individual nanocrystals at three-dimensional (3D) atomic resolution.

Optimizing nano-sized oxygen bubble application for prolonged aerobic degradation of BTEX in contaminated groundwater.

This study investigates the use of nano-sized oxygen bubbles (NOBs) to enhance BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) biodegradation in groundwater. Optimized NOBs, averaging 155 nm and at a concentration of 6.59 × 10⁸ bubbles/mL, were found to provide sustained oxygen release with a half-life of approximately 50 days.

Zone-melting for efficient impurities removal and high-purity aluminum recovery from 7000 series computer numerical control machining scraps.

This study investigates zone melting (ZM) as an innovative method for recycling 7000 series aluminum alloy scraps, a byproduct of computer numerical control (CNC) machining in smartphone production. Traditional fluxing methods are ineffective at removing Zn, a key alloying element. Vacuum atmospheric ZM utilizes the evaporation of Zn and Mg impurities and solidification segregation to concentrate elemental impurities within the melt, facilitating their efficient removal.