[Trochlearis palsy due to chronic sinusitis].

Chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis are common rhinological diagnoses. Left untreated both diseases can result in visual dysfunctions because of their close proximity to orbita. We report a rare case of an isolated trochlear nerve palsy caused by chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis.

[Ectopic tooth as a rare cause of foreign body reaction of the nose].

This is a case report of a 71-year-old male with three months of gradually increasing irritation, secretion and right-sided nasal stenosis. The patient had not experienced any facial trauma nor had he had any previous surgical intervention to the nasal or oral cavity. An examination of the nasal cavity raised the suspicion of a foreign body in the right nasal floor.

[The sweet Christmas rash].

Christmas tree hypersensitivity is a rare condition, which has so far obtained scarce attention in the medical literature. We present two clinical cases of hypersensitivity associated with Christmas tree exposure, a 51-year-old woman with allergic contact dermatitis and a 41-year-old man with allergic rhinitis. The female patient had a positive patch test reaction to colophony, and the male patient had a positive skin prick test reaction to alternaria mould.

Local pulmonary administration of factor VIIa (rFVIIa) in diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) - a review of a new treatment paradigm.

Background: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a clinical syndrome with typical symptoms dyspnea and hemoptysis. DAH is a complication of specific diseases, in some cases with acute catastrophic hemoptysis, while other patients present low grade alveolar bleeding with a need of chronic transfusion as in pulmonary hemosiderosis.

Methods: Current literature in the PubMed database and other sources was reviewed in order to evaluate the current treatment recommendations, efficacy of this treatment, and finally the risk of complications after off-label use of rFVIIa in respect to DAH.

The immunomodulatory effect of inhaled granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in cystic fibrosis. A new treatment paradigm.

Background: Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience recurrent infections and develop chronically infected lungs, which initiates an altered immunological alveolar environment. End-stage pulmonary dysfunction is a result of a long sequence of complex events in CF, progressing to alveolar macrophage dysfunction via a T-helper 2 (T(H)2) dominated alveolar inflammation with CD20 T-cell activation, induced by the chronic infection and showing a poor prognosis. There is great potential for treatment in transforming the T(H)2 into the more favorable T-helper 1 (T(H)1) response.