Effects of vitamin B supply on cellular processes of the facultative vitamin B consumer .

Vitamin B (cobalamin, herein B) is a key cofactor for most organisms being involved in essential metabolic processes. In microbial communities, B is often scarce, largely because only few prokaryotes can synthesize B and are thus considered B-prototrophs. B-auxotrophy is mostly manifested by the absence of the B-independent methionine synthase, MetE.

Correction: The effect of poor vision on economic farm performance: Evidence from rural Cambodia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Biochar improves the nutrient cycle in sandy-textured soils and increases crop yield: a systematic review.

Background: Biochar is a relatively new development in sustainable agricultural management that can be applied to ameliorate degraded and less fertile soils, especially sandy-textured ones, to improve their productivity with respect to crop production through improved nutrient availability. However, as the literature has shown, the response of sandy-textured soils to biochar varies in terms of effect size and direction. Therefore, the present study systematically reviewed the available evidence to synthesize the impact of biochar amendments on aspects of the nutrient cycle of sandy-textured soils.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of ex-post evaluations on the effectiveness of carbon pricing.

Today, more than 70 carbon pricing schemes have been implemented around the globe, but their contributions to emissions reductions remains a subject of heated debate in science and policy. Here we assess the effectiveness of carbon pricing in reducing emissions using a rigorous, machine-learning assisted systematic review and meta-analysis. Based on 483 effect sizes extracted from 80 causal ex-post evaluations across 21 carbon pricing schemes, we find that introducing a carbon price has yielded immediate and substantial emission reductions for at least 17 of these policies, despite the low level of prices in most instances.

Ligand cross-feeding resolves bacterial vitamin B auxotrophies.

Cobalamin (vitamin B, herein referred to as B) is an essential cofactor for most marine prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Synthesized by a limited number of prokaryotes, its scarcity affects microbial interactions and community dynamics. Here we show that two bacterial B auxotrophs can salvage different B building blocks and cooperate to synthesize B.