Thyroid Surgery in Children and Adolescents: A 10-year Retrospective Study at a Single Institution.

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze clinical characteristics, surgical treatment, complications, and prognosis related to thyroid surgery in children and adolescents in a 10-year study at a single institution. Retrospective study.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical data of children and adolescents who underwent thyroid surgery due to benign thyroid disease and thyroid cancer from January 2011 to May 2020.

Silicon foil patching for blast tympanic membrane perforation: a retrospective study.

Aim: To establish whether covering the tympanic membrane perforation after war blast injury with silicon foil can enhance the ear drum healing rate and to determine the appropriate timing of silicon patching.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the charts of 210 patients wounded during the Homeland War in Croatia 1991-1995, with 315 blast tympanic membrane perforations. In 44 patients (61 perforations), the eardrum perforation was covered by silicon foil, whereas in 166 patients (254 perforations) it was left to heal spontaneously.

[CROATIAN GUIDELINES FOR DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF BENIGN PAROXYSMAL POSITIONAL VERTIGO (BPPV)].

BPPV is generally the most common cause of vertigo, caused by a pinch-off of tiny calcium carbonate crystals (called the otoconia or the otoliths) from the macula utriculi, most frequently due to the degenerative processes or a trauma, whereby the crystals, under the action of gravity in certain head positions coinciding with its direction, arrive to some of the semicircular canals, usually the posterior one, due to the existent anatomical circumstances and relationships, thus creating an inadequate stimulus of the cupular senses while floating through the endolymph and provoking symptoms of a strong and short-term dizziness. Two main clinical forms can be distinguished: canalolythiasis, with an accommodation of otolithic debris in the semicircular canal, and cupulolythiasis, with their location immediately next to the cupular sense. The diagnosis is established by a positive positioning test, Dix-Hallpike for the posterior and the supine roll for the lateral canal.

[MIDDLE EAR INFECTION].

Middle ear infection is one of the most common childhood infections and the leading reason for antibiotic prescriptions. Although the etiological diagnosis is rarely discovered, successful identification of pathogens depends on properly collected sample, chosen method and microbiological analysis made on time. The most common bacterial pathogen is Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Anatomical study of the facial nerve canal in comparison to the site of the lesion in Bell's palsy.

The term Bell's palsy is used for the peripheral paresis of the facial nerve and is of unknown origin. Many studies have been performed to find the cause of the disease, but none has given certain evidence of the etiology. However, the majority of investigators agree that the pathophysiology of the palsy starts with the edema of the facial nerve and consequent entrapment of the nerve in the narrow facial canal in the temporal bone.