The hypoglossal-facial nerve repair as a method to improve recovery of motor function after facial nerve injury.

Nerve repair after facial nerve injury provides neural input to the distal facial nerve and facial musculature via a variety of motor nerves such as hypoglossal, spinal accessory, masseteric branch of the trigeminal nerve and motor branches of the cervical plexus. The most commonly used procedure is the hypoglossal-facial nerve transfer. This cross-nerve paradigm is a unique nerve repair method as one motor nerve takes over the function of another motor nerve.

Type-2 diabetes down-regulates glucose transporter proteins and genes of the human blood leukocytes.

Objective: White blood cells are essential in mediating immune and inflammatory responses. A prominent feature of these cells during activation of the immune function is increased glucose utilization, and this is dependent on the functioning of specific glucose transporter (GLUT) isoforms. The few data available on leukocyte glucose transporter expression are limited to type-2 diabetes mellitus, and nothing is known about its regulation.

The effect of exercise on brain antioxidant status of diabetic rats.

Background: To investigate the effect of exercise on brain antioxidant status of diabetic rats.

Methods: Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control (C), exercise (CE), diabetic (D), and diabetic+exercise (DE). Diabetes was induced by single administration of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg).