Different PD-L1 Assays Reveal Distinct Immunobiology and Clinical Outcomes in Urothelial Cancer.

Testing for PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is used to predict immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) benefit but has performed inconsistently in urothelial cancer (UC) clinical trials. Different approaches are used for PD-L1 IHC. We analyzed paired PD-L1 IHC data on UC samples using the SP142 and 22C3 assays from the phase 3 IMvigor130 trial and found discordant findings summarized by four phenotypes: PD-L1 positive by both assays (PD-L1 double positive; PD-L1DP), PD-L1 positive by the SP142 assay only (SP142 single positive; SP142SP), PD-L1 positive by the 22C3 assay only (22C3 single positive; 22C3SP), and PD-L1 negative by both assays double negative (PD-L1 double negative; PD-L1DN).

A new phylogenetic framework for the genus Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) and implications for infrageneric classification.

Background And Aims: Kalanchoe is a diverse genus in the Crassulaceae, with centres of diversity in Madagascar and sub-Saharan Africa. The genus is known for its popularity in horticulture, its use as a model system for research on CAM photosynthesis and vegetative reproduction, its high invasive potential, and its use in traditional medicine. The genus-rank circumscription and infrageneric classification of Kalanchoe have been the subject of debate for centuries, especially regarding the status and rank of what is now treated as K.

Photopatterning of conductive hydrogels which exhibit tissue-like properties.

Hydrogels are three-dimensional, highly tunable material systems that can match the properties of extracellular matrices. In addition to being widely used to grow and modulate cell behavior, hydrogels can be made conductive to further modulate electrically active cells, such as neurons, and even incorporated into multielectrode arrays to interface with tissues. To enable conductive hydrogels, graphene flakes can be mechanically suspended into a hydrogel precursor.

Signaling Modulation Mediated by Ligand Water Interactions with the Sodium Site at μOR.

The mu opioid receptor (μOR) is a target for clinically used analgesics. However, adverse effects, such as respiratory depression and physical dependence, necessitate the development of alternative treatments. Recently we reported a novel strategy to design functionally selective opioids by targeting the sodium binding allosteric site in μOR with a supraspinally active analgesic named .