Electrochemical CaC -Mediated Conversion of Biochar to C H : High Carbon Efficiency and Low Contamination.

The carbon to CaC route is promising to provide a sustainable elementary unit, C H , for the organic synthesis industry, but the traditional thermal reaction process suffers from low carbon efficiency, harmful gas contamination, high temperature operation, and risky CO management. We herein report a high carbon efficiency (ca. 100 %) conversion of biochar to C H through an electrolytic synthesis of solid CaC in molten CaCl /KCl/CaO at 973 K.

Prevalence of mouth breathing, with or without nasal obstruction, in children with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: Mouth breathing (MB) is a symptom of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The main objectives of our study were to evaluate whether parents' and physician's diagnose of MB were concordant and to evaluate the prevalence of nasal obstruction in children with OSA and MB.

Methods: Ninety-three children (median age: 10.

[Secondary cheiloplasty in the treatment of cleft lip and palates].

In the course of treatment of cleft lip and palates, the quality of primary cheilo-rhinoplasty is essential to limit aesthetic and functional complications. This is why these primary reconstructions come under the domain of specialised centres with multidisciplinary teams. Unfortunately, residual imperfections often remain, especially in bilateral clefts, and secondary cheiloplasties represent for us a complex challenge.

New surgical method of tongue reduction for macroglossia: technical note.

Objective: We describe here a new surgical technique, which allows for efficient tongue reduction with satisfactory appearance and avoids the complications of tip excision.

Study Design: This is a retrospective case review that includes 6 patients who had macroglossia and underwent tongue reduction using our new central V-shaped excision technique. Three patients were operated on at an early age because of significant macroglossia with permanent tongue protrusion, cosmetic disorder, and speech delay.

Extensive abdominal lipomatosis in a patient with Noonan/LEOPARD syndrome (Noonan syndrome-Multiple Lentigines).

Noonan syndrome (NS) is a tumor predisposing disorder. Leukemia is observed in 1-3% of patients with NS, with rare occurrences of solid tumors. It also appears to predispose to non-malignant tumors.