Brief Report: Group-Based Trajectory Modeling to Determine Long-Term HIV Viral Load Trends Among Children With HIV in Kenya.

Background: Identifying determinants of longitudinal HIV viral load (VL) trajectories using group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) can inform clinical strategies and mechanisms of nonadherence among children.

Methods: Children under 12 months old who were newly diagnosed with HIV were enrolled in the Optimizing Pediatric HIV therapy cohort (NCT00428116) from 2007 to 2010. Children initiated antiretroviral therapy at enrollment, and VL was assessed every 3 months for 24 months post-antiretroviral therapy and every 6 months thereafter up to 8 years old.

Association between HIV and cytomegalovirus and neurocognitive outcomes among children with HIV.

Objectives: Children with HIV may experience adverse neurocognitive outcomes despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is common in children with HIV. Among children on ART, we examined the influences of early HIV viral load and CMV DNA on neurocognition.

Cohort profile: longitudinal and population comparison of children who are HIV-exposed uninfected and children who are HIV unexposed in Kenya (HOPE study).

Purpose: Globally, the number of children/adolescents exposed to HIV but uninfected (HIV-exposed uninfected, HEU) is growing. The HEU outcomes: population-evaluation and screening strategies study was designed to provide population-level evidence of the impact of HIV and recent antiretroviral therapy regimen exposure on neurodevelopmental, hearing and mental health outcomes from infancy to adolescence.

Participants: The study includes a prospective mother-infant cohort and cross-sectional child/youth-caregiver cohorts conducted in Kenya.

Hearing Loss Detection and Early Intervention Strategies in Kenya.

Background: Thirty-four million children globally have disabling hearing loss, with the highest prevalence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Early identification and management is crucial, yet barriers to screening and treatment of hearing loss are extensive in LMICs. Unaddressed hearing loss negatively impacts individuals and communities.