Kratom Alkaloids: A Blood-Brain Barrier Specific Membrane Permeability Assay-Guided Isolation and Cyclodextrin Complexation Study.

Mitragynine is an "atypic opioid" analgesic with an alternative mechanism of action and a favorable side-effect profile. Our aim was to optimize the alkaloid extraction procedure from kratom leaves and to determine and isolate the most relevant compounds capable of penetrating the central nervous system. The PAMPA-BBB study revealed that mitragynine and its coalkaloids, speciociliatine, speciogynine, and paynantheine, possess excellent in vitro BBB permeability.

Exceptional stability of the sugammadex-solasodine complex: Insights from experimental and theoretical studies.

Sugammadex (SGM) is the first cyclodextrin (CD)-based selective relaxant binding agent. We investigated its ability to capture natural aminosteroid phytotoxins, and assessed its potential as an antidote for intoxication. Solasodine (SS), a toxic alkaloid from the Solanaceae family, was chosen as the model compound.

From mother's milk to structural insights: H-N NMR analysis of Lewis X antigen-bearing oligosaccharides isolated from human milk.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex unconjugated glycans abundant in breast milk, with vital roles in infant nutrition and health. The structural elucidation of HMOs remains challenging due to their diverse compositions and isomeric complexities. This study presents a novel approach employing H-N NMR correlations to pinpoint and characterize HMOs, LNH, LNnH, and their fucosylated derivatives including those of bearing the Lewis X motif.

Acid-sensitive prodrugs; a promising approach for site-specific and targeted drug release.

Drugs administered through conventional formulations are devoid of targeting and often spread to various undesired sites, leading to sub-lethal concentrations at the site of action and the emergence of undesired effects. Hence, therapeutic agents should be delivered in a controlled manner at target sites. Currently, stimuli-based drug delivery systems have demonstrated a remarkable potential for the site-specific delivery of therapeutic moieties.

US & MR/CT Image Fusion with Markerless Skin Registration: A Proof of Concept.

This paper presents an innovative automatic fusion imaging system that combines 3D CT/MR images with real-time ultrasound acquisition. The system eliminates the need for external physical markers and complex training, making image fusion feasible for physicians with different experience levels. The integrated system involves a portable 3D camera for patient-specific surface acquisition, an electromagnetic tracking system, and US components.