IL-7 promotes integrated glucose and amino acid sensing during homeostatic CD4 T cell proliferation.

Interleukin (IL)-7 promotes T cell expansion during lymphopenia. We studied the metabolic basis in CD4 T cells, observing increased glucose usage for nucleotide synthesis and oxidation in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Unlike other TCA metabolites, glucose-derived citrate does not accumulate upon IL-7 exposure, indicating diversion into other processes.

Ethnic differences in prostate cancer presentation: a time for testing advocacy.

Purpose: It is recognised that there are ethnic variations in prostate cancer (PCa) epidemiology, affecting outcomes. South Asians (SA) are less likely to be diagnosed with PCa than others, although recent evidence shows PCa is rising amongst SA. This study examines the differences between ethnicities in PCa presentation, progression risk and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing use.

Fractures of the penis.

A penile fracture is a traumatic rupture of the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa in an erect penis, usually as a result of blunt trauma during sexual activity. The aetiology varies with geographical region, with the USA and Europe having a higher incidence of sexual trauma and the Middle East having a higher rate of self-manipulation. Diagnosis is usually clinical, but numerous imaging modalities have been used to confirm the fracture site and to help plan appropriate surgical management.

Managing conflicts between economic activities and threatened migratory marine species toward creating a multiobjective blue economy.

Harnessing the economic potential of the oceans is key to combating poverty, enhancing food security, and strengthening economies. But the concomitant risk of intensified resource extraction to migratory species is worrying given these species contribute to important ecological processes, often underpin alternative livelihoods, and are mostly already threatened. We thus sought to quantify the potential conflict between key economic activities (5 fisheries and hydrocarbon exploitation) and sea turtle migration corridors in a region with rapid economic development: southern and eastern Africa.

Understanding the factors influencing health-worker employment decisions in South Africa.

Background: The provision of health care in South Africa has been compromised by the loss of trained health workers (HWs) over the past 20 years. The public-sector workforce is overburdened. There is a large disparity in service levels and workloads between the private and public sectors.