Shifting the paradigm of type 1 diabetes: a narrative review of disease modifying therapies.

A new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) may be accompanied by numerous lifelong financial, emotional, and physical challenges, thus advancements in therapies that can delay the onset of clinical disease are crucial. T1D is an autoimmune condition involving destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia, and long-term insulin dependence. The pathogenesis of T1D is classified into stages, with the first signal being the detection of autoantibodies without any glycemic changes.

Unidirectional Chiral Emission via Twisted Bi-layer Metasurfaces.

Controlling and channeling light emissions from unpolarized quantum dots into specific directions with chiral polarization remains a key challenge in modern photonics. Stacked metasurface designs offer a potential compact solution for chirality and directionality engineering. However, experimental observations of directional chiral radiation from resonant metasurfaces with quantum emitters remain obscure.

[Markers of cardiovascular system damage as additional criteria for the diagnosis of sarcopenia.].

Sarcopenia is a pathological condition characterized by muscle failure associated with age, in which muscle mass and strength decrease and, as a result, functional status and quality of life decrease. The article discusses and presents the stiffness of the arterial wall and the vascular wall reflection index as markers of damage to the cardiovascular system in elderly and senile women with arterial hypertension; the influence of markers of damage to the cardiovascular system in the development of sarcopenia is considered; an algorithm for the diagnosis of sarcopenia for clinical practice is presented.

[Prevention of the development of geriatric syndromes and acute functional deficiency in patients with frailty.].

One of the most difficult tasks in medical practice is pharmacotherapy in elderly and senile patients. The complexity of pharmacotherapy in elderly patients is due to age-related physiological changes, high frequency of multimorbidity. The age of patients no longer precludes surgical intervention, and surgical procedures are often performed on elderly patients with complex comorbidities.

Development and Validation of Miniaturized Assays to Assess Protein Techno-functional Properties.

Techno-functional properties of protein isolates such as emulsification, foaming, and gelling serve as key indicators to determine their food applications. Conventional macro-volume techniques used to measure these techno-functional properties are usually time consuming, require large amounts of protein samples, and are impractical when diverse protein samples are handled at the early screening stage. To overcome these issues, we have developed scaled-down (miniaturized) assays to test techno-functional properties of protein samples.