Microbiological Production of Isocitric Acid from Biodiesel Waste and Its Effect on Spatial Memory.

Within this work, the microbial synthesis of (2,3)-isocitric acid (ICA), a metabolite of the nonconventional yeast , from biodiesel waste, has been studied. The selected strain VKM Y-2373 synthesized ICA with citric acid (CA) as a byproduct. This process can be regulated by changing cultivation conditions.

Biosynthesis of isocitric acid in repeated-batch culture and testing of its stress-protective activity.

Biosynthesis of Ds(+)-threo-isocitric acid from ethanol in the Yarrowia lipolytica batch and repeated-batch cultures was studied. Repeated-batch cultivation was found to provide for a good biosynthetic efficiency of the producer for as long as 748 h, probably due to maintenance of high activities of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of isocitric acid. Under optimal repeated-batch cultivation conditions, the producer accumulated 109.

Semax prevents learning and memory inhibition by heavy metals.

Separate and joint effect of Semax, ascorbic acid, lead diacetate, and ammonium molybdate on avoidance conditioning in rats was studied. It was established that the heavy metal salts inhibited the avoidance response, and the peptide counteracted this inhibition as strongly as ascorbic acid or to a comparable degree. These findings confirm the antioxidant properties of Semax.

[Opposite Semax influence on conditioning and functional disturbances of avoidance responses in rats].

Semax effects on formation of active avoidance reaction in rats in different experimental models have been studied. It was shown that intraperitoneal Semax administration at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg accelerated acquisition of one-way active avoidance response when rats were trained to avoid electric foot-shock by jumping on the shelf.