Longitudinal changes in regional fat and muscle composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers over 5 years of hormone therapy in transgender individuals.

Background: Longitudinal studies investigating hormone therapy in transgender individuals are rare and often limited to 1- to 2-year follow-up periods.

Objectives And Methods: We examined changes in body composition, muscle volumes, and fat distribution as well as muscle strength, arterial stiffness, and cardiometabolic biomarkers in both transgender men (TM; n = 17, age 25 ± 5 years) and transgender women (TW; n = 16, age 28 ± 5 years) at baseline and after 1 and 5-6 years of hormone therapy in a longitudinal prospective cohort design. Whole-body and regional fat and muscle volumes were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging, and blood samples were taken.

Cardiometabolic risk assessment in transgender individuals - differential impact of sex hormones and sex chromosomes.

Background: While transgender individuals represent a significant group seeking medical care, the differential effect of sex on cardiometabolic risk metrics is incompletely understood. Therefore, the current study aimed to characterize the impact of sex hormones and chromosomes on a contemporary panel of cardiometabolic risk biomarkers and functional cardiovascular measurements.

Methods: 17 transmen and 17 transwomen were studied at baseline (T0), 4 weeks (hormonal castration, T1), and 11 months following gender-affirming hormone treatment (T12).

Maternal Steroid Hormone Levels in Early Pregnancy and Autism in the Offspring: A Population-Based, Nested Case-Control Study.

Background: A role for prenatal steroid hormones in the etiology of autism has been proposed, but evidence is conflicting.

Methods: Here, we examined serum levels of maternal estradiol, testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (OHP), and cortisol from the first trimester of gestation (mean = 10.1 weeks) in relation to the odds of diagnosed autism with and without co-occurring intellectual disability (ID) in the offspring (n = 118 autism with ID, n = 249 autism without ID, n = 477 control).

Adipokine secretion and lipolysis following gender-affirming treatment in transgender individuals.

Background: The organ-specific effects of gender-affirming sex hormone treatment (GAHT) in transgender women (TW) and transgender men (TM) are insufficiently explored. This study investigated the effects of GAHT on adipose tissue function.

Methods: In a single-center interventional prospective study, 32 adults undergoing GAHT, 15 TW and 17 TM, were examined with anthropometry and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies obtained before initiation of treatment, 1 month after endogenous sex hormone inhibition and three and 11 months after initiated GAHT.

Structural brain differences related to compulsive sexual behavior disorder.

Background And Aims: Compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD) has been included as an impulse control disorder in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying CSBD remain largely unknown, and given previous indications of addiction-like mechanisms at play, the aim of the present study was to investigate if CSBD is associated with structural brain differences in regions involved in reward processing.

Methods: We analyzed structural MRI data of 22 male CSBD patients (mean = 38.