The dawn of dentistry in the late upper Paleolithic: An early case of pathological intervention at Riparo Fredian.

Objectives: Early evidence for the treatment of dental pathology is found primarily among food-producing societies associated with high levels of oral pathology. However, some Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers show extensive oral pathology, suggesting that experimentation with therapeutic dental interventions may have greater antiquity. Here, we report the second earliest probable evidence for dentistry in a Late Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherer recovered from Riparo Fredian (Tuscany, Italy).

Removal of a triple-barbed fishhook from the hypopharynx with microlaryngoscopy.

Objectives: To review the literature involving removal of sharp foreign bodies from the hypopharynx and to present a case of a triple-barbed fishhook removed from the hypopharynx with suspension microlaryngoscopy.

Study Design: Literature review and case presentation.

Methods: Review of the literature was done using a MEDLINE search with the keywords hypopharynx, foreign bodies, and laryngoscopy.

Plasmalemmal ATPase calcium pump localizes to inner and outer hair bundles.

Recent studies demonstrate calcium ion influx at the tips of hair cell stereocilia during mechano-transduction. These ions must be either pumped from the cytosol into the extracellular space or endoplasmic envelope, or else sequestered by binding to specific proteins. A plasma membrane calcium pump (ATPase-type) was analysed in whole-mounts of rat organ of Corti using a monoclonal antibody to a large cytoplasmic loop of this protein.