Comparison of the efficacy of enfortumab vedotin and paclitaxel plus carboplatin in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma.

Background: Enfortumab vedotin (EV) is a novel treatment for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) that progresses after platinum-based chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of EV with that of paclitaxel plus carboplatin therapy (TC), which was commonly used as late-line therapy.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with mUC who progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy.

Tumor-associated macrophages promote bladder cancer metastasis through the CCL20-CCR6 axis.

We investigated the mechanisms of interaction between bladder cancer (BC) cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Coculturing BC cell lines (UMUC3 and T24) with macrophage-like cells differentiated from THP-1 into M2-like TAMs revealed a decrease in Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 68 expression and an increase in CD206 expression. This differentiation enhanced BC cell migration and invasion.

Identification of risk factors for gastrointestinal immune-related adverse events associated with immune check point inhibitors.

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities are among the most common and potentially severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs), and data on risk factors remain limited. This study aimed to identify risk factors for GI-irAEs in patients treated with ICIs.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with any type of malignant tumor who received ICIs between January 2020 and January 2022.

The effect of playing Onigokko on children's executive function and cardiovascular endurance in the early elementary school grades.

This study investigated whether continuously playing Onigokko, a game similar to tag, could enhance children's cognitive flexibility, a component of executive function, and improve cardiovascular endurance. The intervention group comprised 34 students enrolled in the second-grade A class of H elementary school in Y prefecture. The control group comprised 34 students enrolled in the second-grade B class at the same school.

A Photolockable Polyaromatic Capsule Designed via Regiochemical Substitution.

Photocontrol over host frameworks is an elegant way to manipulate host-guest composites, yet the majority of previous systems suffer from long irradiation time and narrow guest scope, and are restricted to intramolecular photoreactions in organic solvents. Herein we present a photolockable polyaromatic capsule with high guest binding abilities in water. The capsule assembles from bent amphiphiles featuring two 2-subsutituted anthracene panels, which shows high stability against dilution and undergoes intermolecular [4+4] photo-oligomerization upon short light irradiation (<10 min).