Comparative immune responses after vaccination with the formulated inactivated African horse sickness vaccine serotype 1 between naïve horses and pretreated horses with the live-attenuated African horse sickness vaccine.

Background And Aim: African horse sickness (AHS) is a non-contagious, high mortality, and insect-borne disease caused by a double-stranded RNA virus from the genus . The study aimed to develop inactivated vaccines serotype 1 inactivated AHS vaccine (IAV) and to compare the effect of IAV on antibody responses in young naïve horses and adult horses pre-immunized with live-attenuated AHS virus (AHSV) serotypes 1, 3, and 4 live-attenuated vaccine (LAV).

Materials And Methods: A total of 27 horses were vaccinated in two trials.

Effective equine immunization protocol for production of potent poly-specific antisera against Calloselasma rhodostoma, Cryptelytrops albolabris and Daboia siamensis.

Snake envenomation has been estimated to affect 1.8 million people annually with about 94,000 deaths mostly in poor tropical countries. Specific antivenoms are the only rational and effective therapy for these cases.

Use of latex agglutination test to determine rabies antibodies in production of rabies antisera in horses.

A therapeutic anti-rabies immunoglobulin for human use has been produced mainly in horses. The presently available seroneutralization test, the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT), is laborious and rather difficult to carry out in horse farms. This study was undertaken to develop a simple latex agglutination test (LAT) for determining rabies antibodies in horse sera.

Production of potent polyvalent antivenom against three elapid venoms using a low dose, low volume, multi-site immunization protocol.

The purpose of this study was to prepare a potent polyvalent antivenom against three elapids namely, the Thai cobra (Naja kaouthia, NK), the King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah, OH) and the banded krait (Bungarus fasciatus, BF). Two groups of horses were immunized. Group 1, comprising five horses, was immunized twice with a mixture of postsynaptic neurotoxins followed by an additional six immunizations with a mixture of crude venoms of the three elapids.

Cell-mediated immunosuppression in mice by street rabies virus not restored by calcium ionophore or PMA.

It is known that rabies virus can suppress the host immune system. In this study we demonstrate a depression of cell-mediated immunity in mice, peripherally infected with Thai street rabies virus. The cell-mediated cytolysis of spleen cells from mice increased transiently on day 5 after infection and declined rapidly thereafter until death.