Effects of Different Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Intensities and Durations on a Post-Traumatic Knee Joint Contracture Model in Rats.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) therapeutic effects on knee joint dysfunction after immobilization following trauma and to identify the optimum LIPUS intensity and duration.

Methods: A knee post-traumatic joint contracture (PTJC) model was established in male Wistar rats divided into three groups: front irradiation (n = 4), medial irradiation (n = 3), and sham (n = 3). LIPUS irradiation was performed for 20 min/day (30 mW/cm [spatial average temporal average] SATA, 1 MHz, duty cycle of 20%, 5 times/week, for 2 weeks).

Phase concept: Novel dynamic endoscopic assessment of intramural antireflux mechanisms (with video).

Objectives: The gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) consists of various anatomical components that together form a barrier to prevent reflux of gastric content. This study introduces a novel phase concept to dynamically evaluate the antireflux barrier (ARB) during endoscopy and analyzes its functionality.

Methods: We reviewed previously the recorded endoscopic videos of subjects who underwent the endoscopic pressure study integrated system (EPSIS) from February to April 2024 for indications other than gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms.