Trochleoplasty Utilization in the Management of Patellofemoral Instability: Results From an International Survey of Surgeons.

Background: Considerable variability exists in the described clinical and radiographic indications for use, surgical techniques, postoperative management, and risk profile after trochleoplasty for the management of patellofemoral instability (PFI). In areas of clinical uncertainty, a cohesive summary of expert opinion and identification of areas of variation in current practice can be useful in guiding current practice and future research efforts.

Purpose: To assess the current indications for use, surgical techniques, postoperative rehabilitation practices, and observed complication profile for trochleoplasty in the management of PFI among surgeons who perform this procedure.

Mediating Roles of Perceived Quality and Perceived Behaviour Control in Shaping Chinese Consumer's Purchase Intention for Domestic Infant Milk Formula (IMF).

The 2008 melamine crisis led to widespread consumer distrust of Chinese domestic infant milk formula (IMF), which was substituted through a surge of imported products. Recent studies, however, suggest a revival in consumer confidence in Chinese domestic products and regulatory supervision. This coincides with a rise in consumer ethnocentrism and increased concern about foreign IMF, which arose during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Single-Stranded Hairpin Loop RNAs (loopmeRNAs) Potently Induce Gene Silencing through the RNA Interference Pathway.

Synthetic small interfering RNAs conjugated to trivalent -acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) are clinically validated drugs for treatment of liver diseases. Incorporation of phosphorothioate linkages and ribose modifications are necessary for stability, potency, and duration of pharmacology. Although multiple alternative siRNA designs such as Dicer-substrate RNA, shRNA, and circular RNA have been evaluated in vitro and in preclinical studies with some success, clinical applications of these designs are limited as it is difficult to incorporate chemical modifications in these designs.

Therapists' defense use impacts their patients' defensive functioning: a systematic case study.

Research into defensive functioning in psychotherapy has thus far focused on patients' defense use. However, also the defensive functioning of therapists might be significant because of its potential in promoting changes in the patient's overall defensive functioning by sharing their higher-level understanding of a given situation and letting the patient have the opportunity to learn how to cope more successfully. This exploratory case study is the first to examine therapist's defense mechanisms and their relationship to changes in the patient's defensive functioning evaluated at different times throughout psychoanalytic treatment.