Exploring Epigenetic Complexity in Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Niche: A Mechanistic Journey from Normal to Malignant Hematopoiesis.

Epigenetic regulation in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) research has emerged as a transformative molecular approach that enhances understanding of hematopoiesis and hematological disorders. This chapter investigates the intricate epigenetic mechanisms that control HSCs function, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling. It also explores the role of non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNAs) as epigenetic regulators, highlighting how changes in gene expression can occur without alterations to the DNA sequence.

Clinical and molecular analysis of ESBL, carbapenemase, and colistin-resistant bacteria in UTI patients.

Uropathogens, particularly bacteria, can infect any part of the urinary tract and cause bacteriuria. Our study aimed to examine the antibiotic-resistant profile, associated risk factors, and phenotypic and genotypic features of ESBL, carbapenemase, and mcr resistance genes in multidrug-resistant bacteria. Samples were inoculated on culture media, identified using standard biochemical tests, and species confirmation was performed via 16S rRNA gene amplification.

HCV and HBV genotypes: vital in the progression of HCV/ HBV co-infection.

Background: Viral hepatitis is the major contributor to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies indicated that the co-infection of hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus also prompts liver damage progression. Therefore, in the present study, the prevalence of HCV-HBV co-infection and the impact of HCV-HBV co-infection on the progression of liver damage was evaluated amongst the HCV-infected patients in Pakistan.