Genomic Islands of Divergence Between Drosophila yakuba Subspecies are Predominantly Driven by Chromosomal Inversions and the Recombination Landscape.

During the early stages of local adaptation and speciation, genetic differences tend to accumulate at certain regions of the genome leading to the formation of genomic islands of divergence (GIDs). This pattern may be due to selection and/or difference in the rate of recombination. Here, we investigate the possible causes of GIDs in Drosophila yakuba mayottensis, and reconfirm using field collection its association with toxic noni (Morinda citrifolia) fruits on the Mayotte island.

Identification of metabolic and protein markers representative of the impact of mild nitrogen deficit on agronomic performance of maize hybrids.

Introduction: A better understanding of the physiological response of silage maize to a mild reduction in nitrogen (N) fertilization and the identification of predictive biochemical markers of N utilization efficiency could contribute to limit the detrimental effect of the overuse of N inputs.

Objectives: We integrated phenotypic and biochemical data to interpret the physiology of maize in response to a mild reduction in N fertilization under agronomic conditions and identify predictive leaf metabolic and proteic markers that could be used to pilot and rationalize N fertilization.

Methods: Eco-physiological, developmental and yield-related traits were measured and complemented with metabolomic and proteomic approaches performed on young leaves of a core panel of 29 European genetically diverse dent hybrids cultivated in the field under non-limiting and reduced N fertilization conditions.

The Prevalence of Chronic Interosseous Membrane Lesions Following Mason II and III Radial Head Fractures in Complex Elbow Instability-A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.

Purpose: The primary aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of chronic lesions of the central band of the interosseous membrane (cbIOM) in complex elbow instability (CEI) in a consecutive series of patients who had previously undergone surgical treatment for Mason II and III radial head (RH) fractures. The secondary aim was to define its clinical significance.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study on a prospective database.

Phylogenetically diverse wild plant species use common biochemical strategies to thrive in the Atacama Desert.

The best ideotypes are under mounting pressure due to increased aridity. Understanding the conserved molecular mechanisms that evolve in wild plants adapted to harsh environments is crucial in developing new strategies for agriculture. Yet our knowledge of such mechanisms in wild species is scant.

Multi-regulated GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase calls the tune in ascorbate biosynthesis.

Ascorbate is involved in numerous vital processes, in particular in response to abiotic but also biotic stresses whose frequency and amplitude increase with climate change. Ascorbate levels vary greatly depending on species, tissues, or stages of development, but also in response to stress. Since its discovery, the ascorbate biosynthetic pathway has been intensely studied and it appears that GDP-l-galactose phosphorylase (GGP) is the enzyme with the greatest role in the control of ascorbate biosynthesis.